यदि n. ind. (in
वेद also
य॑दी, sometimes
यदि चित्,
यदि ह वै,
य॑दी॑-त्,
य॑द्य् उ,
यद्य् उ वै) if, in case that,
[RV.] &c. &c. In the earlier language
यदि may be joined with
Indic. Subj. or
लेट्Pot. , or
Fut. , the consequent clause of the conditional sentence being generally without any particle. In the later language
यदि may be joined with
Pres. (followed in
cons° cl° by another
Pres. e.g. यदि जीवति भद्राणि पश्यति, ‘if he lives he beholds prosperity’, or by
fut. or by
Impv. or by
Pot. or by no verb)
; or it may be joined with
Pot. (
e.g. यदि राजा दण्डं न प्रणयेत्, ‘if the king were not to inflict punishment’, followed by another
Pot. or by
Cond. or by
Pres. or by
Impv. or by
fut. or by no verb); or it may be joined with
fut. (
e.g. यदि न करिष्यन्ति तत्, ‘if they will not do that’, followed by another
fut. or by
Pres. or by
Impv. or by no verb); or it may be joined with
Cond. (
e.g. यद्य् अनुज्ञाम् अदास्यत्, ‘if he should give permission’, followed by another
Cond. or by
Pot. or by
aor. ); or it may be joined with
aor. (
e.g. यदि प्रजा-पतिर् न वपुर् अर्स्राक्षीत्, ‘if the Creator had not created the body’, followed by
Cond. or by
Pot. or by
pf. ); or it may be joined with
Impv. or even with
pf. (
e.g. यद्य् आह, ‘if he had said’). There may be other constructions, and in the consequent clauses some one of the following may be used:
अथ,
अत्र,
तद्,
तेन,
ततस्,
ततः परम्,
तदा,
तर्हि,
तदानीम्. Observe that
यदि may sometimes = ‘as sure as’ (
esp. in asseverations, followed by
Impv. with or without
तथा or
तेन or followed by
Pot. with
तद्),
[MBh.] ;
[Kāv.] &c.; or it may = ‘whether’ (followed by
Pres. or
Pot. or no verb
e.g. यदि-न वा, ‘whether-or not’, and sometimes
किम् is added),
ib.; or it may = ‘that’ (after verbs of ‘not believing’ or ‘doubting’, with
Pres. or
Pot. e.g. ना-शंसे यदि जीवन्ति, ‘I do not expect that they are alive’
cf. [Pāṇ. 3-3, 147] Sch. ); or if placed after
दुष्करं or
कथं चिद् it may = ‘hardly’, ‘scarcely’
[MBh.] ;
[R.] ; or it may = ‘if perchance’, ‘perhaps’ (with
Pot. with or without
इति, or with
fut. or
pres. ),
[MBh.] ;
[Kāv.] &c. The following are other combinations:
यदि तावत्, ‘how would it be if’ (with
Pres. or
Impv. )
यदि नाम , ‘if ever’
यदि चेत् (
चे-त् being added redundantly) = ‘if’ (
e.g. यदि चे-त् स्यात्, ‘if it should be’)
पुरा यदि = ‘before’ (
e.g. पुरा यदि पश्यामि, ‘before that I see’)
यद्य् अपि (rarely
अपि यदि), ‘even if’, ‘although’ (followed by
तथा-पि or
तद् अपि or sometimes by no particle in the correlative clause)
यदि -
यदि च-यद्य् अपि, ‘if - and if - if also’
यदि -
य॑दि-वा, or
य॑दि वा -
य॑दि वा, or
य॑दि वा - , or
यदि वा -
वा, or
वा -
यदि वा, or
यद् वा -
यदि वा, ‘if - or if’, ‘whether - or’
यदि वा -
न॑ वा, ‘whether - or not’
वा -
यदि वा -
यदि वा-तथा-पि, ‘whether - or - or - yet’
वा यदि = ‘or if’, ‘or rather’
यदि वा id. or = ‘yet’, ‘however.’