TO ,
prep. Many of the meanings of
‘to’ are expressed by prepositions or affixes, or by the infin. mood, or are in- herent in the inflections of the Sanskrit noun; thus,
(Mo- tion to or toward any place) expressed by the acc. case alone, or with
प्रति &c. added; as,
‘he went to the city,’
नगरं or
नगरं प्रति जगाम, or by the
gen. c., with
अन्तिकं &c.; as,
‘he sent me to you,’
मां तवान्तिकं or
तव सकाशम् अप्रैबीत्. —
(Motion to any state) by the
acc. c.; as,
‘he attains to fame,’
ख्यातिं याति. —
(Adaptation) by the
dat. c. or crude form; as,
‘that husband was not to her taste,’
स पतिस्तस्याः सन्तोषाय नाभवत्; ‘suited to royalty,’
राजयोग्यः -ग्या-ग्यं, राजार्हः &c.;
‘that is pleasing to me,’
तन् मह्यं रोचते. —
(Address, declaration, compellation) by the
acc. c. or
dat. c.; as,
‘he addressed a speech to the king,’
राजानं वचनम्अब्रवीत्; ‘speak to me,’
मां ब्रूहि; ‘I will declare this to my pupils,’
शिष्येभ्यः प्रवक्ष्यामि तत्; ‘he made it known to the king,’
तद् राज्ञे विज्ञापयति. —
(Giving) by the dat., gen., or
loc. c.;
‘he gives sweetmeats to his son,’
पुत्राय or
पुत्रस्यमोदकान् ददाति. — (Up to, as far as, denoting extent, degree, &c.)
आ prefixed to the abl. or
acc. c.,
पर्य्यन्त or
अन्त in comp.; as,
‘to the ocean,’
आसमुद्रात् or
समुद्रपर्य्यन्तं; ‘to the throat,’
आकण्ठात्; ‘to the knee,’
आजानु; ‘the numbers from one up to ten thousand,’
एकाद्ययुतान्तसंख्याः. —
(Posses- sion, appertainment) by the
gen. c.; as,
‘money belongs to me,’
मम धनं भवति. —
(Purpose, intention, object) by the
dat. c. or infin. mood, or by
अर्थं &c. affixed; as,
‘the sat down to consult,’
मन्त्रणाय or
मन्त्रयितुं or
मन्त्रणार्थम् उपविष्टाः;‘the barber came to shave his master,’
भर्त्तृक्षौरकरणाय नापितआगच्छत्; ‘he came to make peace,’
सन्धिं कर्त्तुम् आगच्छत्;‘give me something to eat,’
आहारार्थं किञ्चिन् मम देहि. —
(As a sign of the infinitive) expressed by the infinitive, or by
यथा &c.; as,
‘unable to move,’
चलितुम् असमर्थः; ‘I desire to hear,’
श्रोतुम् इच्छामि; ‘I did not expect to see you again,’
न म आसीद् आशंसा यथा पुनरपि त्वां प्रेक्षिप्ये. There may be other ways of expressing
‘to’ in Sanskrit, as in the following examples:
‘the peacock dances to the songs of the bees,’
शिखी नृत्यति मधुकरगीतैः; ‘he performed penance to the deity,’
देवम् उद्दिश्य तपस् तेपे; ‘the town was speedily reduced to ashes,’
नगरी सहसा भस्मसाद् अक्रियत; ‘compared to that,’
तदपेक्ष्य or
तदपेक्षया; ‘to the east of the village,’
प्राग् ग्रामात्; ‘he goes to and fro,’
गमनागमनं करोति,seeFRO;
‘to one's face,’
प्रत्यक्षं -क्षतस्, समक्षं; ‘to a man,’
अशे-षतस्, अशेषेण; ‘I have a debt to pay,’
मया ऋणं दातव्यं; ‘ready to go,’
गन्तुम् उद्यतः, गमनोन्मुखः; ‘he causes her to enter the house,’
तां गृहं प्रवेशयति.
ROOTS:
प्रतिनगरंजगामअन्तिकंमांतवान्तिकंतवसकाशम्अप्रैबीत्ख्यातिंयातिसपतिस्तस्यासन्तोषायनाभवत्राजयोग्यग्याग्यंराजार्हतन्मह्यंरोचतेराजानंवचनम्अब्रवीत्ब्रूहिशिष्येभ्यप्रवक्ष्यामितत्तद्राज्ञेविज्ञापयतिपुत्रायपुत्रस्यमोदकान्ददातिआपर्य्यन्तअन्तआसमुद्रात्समुद्रपर्य्यन्तंआकण्ठात्आजानुएकाद्ययुतान्तसंख्याममधनंभवतिअर्थंमन्त्रणायमन्त्रयितुंमन्त्रणार्थम्उपविष्टाभर्त्तृक्षौरकरणायनापितआगच्छत्सन्धिंकर्त्तुम्आहारार्थंकिञ्चिन्देहियथाचलितुम्असमर्थश्रोतुम्इच्छामिनमआसीद्आशंसापुनरपित्वांप्रेक्षिप्येशिखीनृत्यतिमधुकरगीतैदेवम्उद्दिश्यतपस्तेपेनगरीसहसाभस्मसाद्अक्रियततदपेक्ष्यतदपेक्षयाप्राग्ग्रामात्गमनागमनंकरोतिप्रत्यक्षंक्षतस्समक्षंअशेषतस्अशेषेणमयाऋणंदातव्यंगन्तुम्उद्यतगमनोन्मुखतांगृहंप्रवेशयति