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MANVANTARA(M)
1) Kalpa, Manvantara and Caturyuga.
The Prapa├▒ca (universe) is perishable. At one time, it takes its origin, at another time it perishes. Brahm─Б, the creator of the universe has birth and death. The period between the birth and death of a Brahm─Б is known as a тАЬMah─БkalpaтАЭ. The flood that comes at the death of a Brahm─Б is called тАЬMah─БpralayaтАЭ. One day of Brahm─Б is called Kalpak─Бla. In the Pur─Бс╣Зas one Kalpa or one day of Brahm─Б is divided into fourteen parts. The master or ruler of each of these divisions is a Manu. There are fourteen Manus. The life span of each Manu is called a тАЬManvantaramтАЭ. There are seventy one Caturyugas in each Manvantara. The four yugas namely Kс╣Ыtayuga, Tret─Бyuga, Dv─Бparayuga and Kaliyuga make np one Caturyuga. At the end of seventyone such Caturyugas, that is, at the end of every two hundred and eightyfour (71 ├Ч 4) yugas, a Manu completes his life-span. Along with that, the Devas who were born at the time of the birth of that Manu, also come to the end of their lives. Fourteen such Manvantaras make one day of Brahm─Б. It is at the end of that day that the original universe perishes. Brahm─Б's life-span is 120 years. At the end of that period, that Brahm─Б perishes. That is to say, at the end of every 42,200 divine days (120 ├Ч 360) which is the life-span of a Brahm─Б, a deluge takes place. Thus in one Brahm─Б's time 42,200 Kalpas take place. A Brahm─Б's life span is known as тАЬMah─БkalpaтАЭ and the close of a Brahm─Б's period is called тАЬMah─БpralayaтАЭ.
2) Human year (Manuс╣гya varс╣гa) and Divine year (Deva varс╣гa).
When two leaves are placed one over the other and they are pierced by a needle, the time required for the needle to pass from the first leaf to the second is called тАЬAlpak─БlaтАЭ. Thirty such alpak─Бlas make one тАЬTruс╣нiтАЭ. Thirty truс╣нis make one тАЬKal─БтАЭ. Thirty Kal─Бs make one тАЬK─Бс╣гс╣нh─БтАЭ, which is also known as тАЬNimiс╣гaтАЭ тАЬNoс╣нiтАЭ or тАЬM─Бtr─БтАЭ. Four тАЬNimiс╣гasтАЭ make one тАЬGaс╣ЗitaтАЭ. Ten Gaс╣Зitas, one тАЬNeс╣нuv─лrppuтАЭ. Six neс╣нuv─лrppus, one тАЬVin─Бzhik─БтАЭ. Sixty vin─Бzhik─Бs one тАЬGhaс╣нik─БтАЭ. Sixty ghaс╣нik─Бs one day (day and night together). Fifteen days, one тАЬPakс╣гaтАЭ. Two Pakс╣гas, one тАЬC─Бndra m─БsaтАЭ (lunar month). One C─Бndram─Бsa for human beings is one тАЬahor─БtraтАЭ (one day and night making up one full day) for the pitс╣Ыs. Twelve C─Бndra m─Бsas make one year for human beings. One year for human beings is one ahor─Бtra for the gods. Three hundred ahor─Бtras of gods make one тАЬDeva VatsaraтАЭ or тАЬDivya vatsaraтАЭ. 4,800 divyavatsaras make one Kс╣Ыtayuga. 3,600 divyavatsaras make one Tret─Бyuga, 2,400 divyavatsaras make one Dv─Бparayuga. 1,200 divyavatsaras make one Kaliyuga. 12,000 divyavatsaras comprising a set of Kс╣Ыta, Tret─Б. Dv─Бpara and Kaliyugas make one Caturyuga. A Manu's period is completed at the end of 71 Caturyugas. With that, the first group of gods also comes to an end. At the end of fourteen such Manus, one тАЬKalpaтАЭ is over and a deluge takes place. The whole of this period comprises one night for Brahm─Б. Night is the time of complete inactivity. With the end of the night, creation is started again. When 360 such ahor─Бtras of Brahm─Б are completed, he completes one year. After completing 120 such years, a Brahm─Б perishes. Again a period of absolute inactivity follows for the length of a Brahm─Б's life-span. After a period of 120 Brahma varс╣гas (the lifespan of a Brahm─Б) another Brahm─Б comes into being. The life-span of Brahm─Б is shown in the following tabular form: 360 days for gods--One Deva vatsara. 12,000 Deva vatsaras--1 caturyuga (36 lakhs years for human beings). 71 caturyugas--1 Manvantaram (One Manu's life-span). 14 Manvantaras--1 Kalpa (one day time for Brahm─Б) 2 Kalpas--One day (and night) for Brahm─Б. (Ahor─Бtra) 360 days of Brahm─Б--1 Brahma Varс╣гa 120 Brahma Varс╣гas--One Brahm─Б's life-span. This life-span of one Brahm─Б is therefore 30 crores 9 lakhs 17 thousands 376 hundreds of years of human beings. It is said that a Manu's period of reign is 4,32,000 Manuс╣гyarvarс╣гas. [Bh─Бgavata, 3rd Skandha] .
3) The caturyuga scheme.
A caturyuga consists of the four yugas, namely Kс╣Ыta, Tret─Б, Dv─Бpara and Kali yugas. At the end of each Caturyuga, the Vedas perish Then the тАЬSaptarс╣гisтАЭ (seven sages) come down from heaven to the earth and restore them again. Manu who is the propounder of Dharma ┼Ы─Бstra, is also born in every Kс╣Ыtayuga. The Devas of each Manvantaram feed upon the share of Havis (offerings at sacrifices) of the y─Бga till the end of that Manvantara. During the whole period of the Manvantara, the earth is protected and preserved by the sons of Manu and their descendants. Thus Manu, the Saptarс╣гis, Devas, Indra and the Kings who are the sons of Manu are the authorities of the Manvantara. After 14 Manvantaras a Kalpa of about 1,000 yugas, comes to an end. After that there is a night extending over the same period in duration. At that time Mah─Бviс╣гс╣Зu sleeps on his bed Ananta in the ocean of deluge. After that, he wakes up again and performs creation. Manus, Kings, Indra, Devas and Saptarс╣гis are the S─Бttvika aspects of Mah─Бviс╣гс╣Зu, who performs the work of protecting the world. In Kс╣Ыta yuga, Mah─Бviс╣гс╣Зu assumes the form of Kapila and others and preaches тАЬParamaj├▒─БnaтАЭ. In Tret─Б yuga he assumes the form of an emperor and destroys the wicked people. In Dv─Бpara yuga, he assumes the form of Vy─Бsa and after dividing the Veda into 4 sections, classifies each of the sections into the various branches. At the end of Kaliyuga, Mah─Бviс╣гс╣Зu assumes the form of Kalki and restores the vicious to the path of righteousness. This is the тАЬCaturyuga schemeтАЭ of Mah─Бviс╣гс╣Зu. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa. Part III, Chapter 2] .
4) The fourteen Manus.
The names of the fourteen Manus of one Kalpa are given below:
(1) Sv─Бyambhuva
(2) Sv─Бrociс╣гa
(3) Uttama (Auttami)
(4) T─Бmasa
(5) Raivata
(6) C─Бkс╣гuс╣гa
(7) Vaivasvata
(8) S─Бvarс╣Зi
(9) Dakс╣гas─Бvarс╣Зi
(10) Brahmas─Бvarс╣Зi
(11) Dharmas─Бvarс╣Зi
(12) Rudras─Бvarс╣Зi
(13) Raucyadevas─Бvarс╣Зi
(14) Indras─Бvarс╣Зi. Each of the above Manus is described below:--
(1) Sv─Бyambhuva.
(a) General.
Sv─Бyambhuva was born as the spiritual son of Brahm─Б. This Manu got his name because he was тАЬSv─БyambhuvaтАЭ or born from Brahm─Б. He married the goddess ┼Ъatar┼лp─Б, the spiritual daughter of Brahm─Б. After that, he went to the shore of the ocean of milk, made an image of Mah─Бdev─л there and worshipped her by chanting V─Бgbhava mantra and performed an austere penance. After a hundred years of such worship the goddess was pleased. She appeared before Sv─Бyambhuva and granted him boons. She blessed him to attain the highest place in Heaven (Paramapada) after begetting vast progeny. Then the goddess went to Vindhya mountain and became the deity of Vindhya. Sv─Бyambhuva returned and started his reign by worshipping the goddess. This Sv─Бyambhuva is regarded as the author of the famous work тАЬManusmс╣ЫtiтАЭ. K─Бlid─Бsa says that the Kings of the Raghu dynasty lived in strict obedience to the laws laid down by this Manu. [Dev─л Bh─Бgavata, Da┼Ыama Skandha] . (b) Other details.
(i) The Saptarс╣гis of first Manvantara were--Mar─лci, Aс╣Еgiras, Atri, Pulaha, Kratu, Pulastya and Vasiс╣гtha. Devas are known as Yamas. The first Manu had ten sons namelv Agn─лdhra, Agnib─Бhu, Medh─Б, Medh─Бtithi, Vasu, Jyotiс╣гm─Бn, Dyutim─Бn, Havya, Savana and Putra and they ruled over the country. [Harivaс╣Б┼Ыa, Chapter 7] .
(ii) Emperor Pс╣Ыthu turned Sv─Бyambhuva Manu into a calf and obtained medicine from Bh┼лmi by milking her as a cow. [Bh─Бgavata, 4th Skandha] .
(iii) Born from Vir─Бс╣н aс╣Зс╕Нa. [M.B. ─Аdi Parva Chapter 1, Verse 32] .
(iv) Sage Cyavana married this Manu's daughter. [M.B. ─Аdi Parva, Chapter 66, Verse 46] .
(v) This Manu taught Soma, the art of C─Бkс╣гuс╣г─л. [M.B. ─Аdi Parva, Chapter 169, Verse 43] .
(vi) Since this Manu had blessed the clouds of the Magadha country they sent periodical rains to that region. [M.B. Sabh─Б Parva, Chapter 21, Verse 10] .
(vii) Manu came to the world, riding in the chariot of the gods to see Arjuna's fight. [M.B. Vir─Бс╣нa Parva, Chapter 56, Verse 10] .
(viii) This Manu had a wife named Sarasvat─л (┼Ъatar┼лp─Б). [M.B. Udyoga Parva, Chapter 117, Verse 14] .
(ix) This Manu lives in Bindusaras. [Bh─лс╣гma Parva, Chapter 7, Verse 46] .
(x) He came at the time of Subrahmaс╣Зya's birth. [┼Ъalya Parva, Chapter 45, Verse 10] .
(xi) Manu held discussions with Siddhas. [┼Ъ─Бnti Parva, Chapter 36] .
(xii) He was the King of men. [┼Ъ─Бnti Parva, Chapter 67, Verse 21] .
(xiii) This Manu is called тАЬPraj─Бpati ManuтАЭ. Once he had a talk with Bс╣Ыhaspati on the subject of Dharma. [┼Ъ─Бnti Parva, Chapter 201] .
(xiv) Upamanyu saw Sv─Бyambhuva Manu sitting by the side of ┼Ъiva. [Anu┼Ы─Бsana Parva, Chapter 14, Verse 280] .
(xv) He talked with the sage Suparс╣Зa about the greatness of flowers, fumes, lights, offerings and gifts. [─Аdi- Parva, Chapter 65, Verse 45] .
(2) Sv─Бrociс╣гa.
(a) General. Sv─Бyambhuva had two great sons Priyavrata and Utt─Бnap─Бda. The second Manu was the son of Priyavrata and his name was Sv─Бrociс╣гa. He was a glorious and adventurous man. He went to the banks of the river K─Бlind─л, made a hermitage there, installed an idol of Dev─л made of earth and offered worship most fervently. At the end of 12 years of tapas when he ate only dried leaves, Dev─л appeared before him in her dazzling brilliance and blessed him. The name of this Dev─л was тАЬDh─Бriс╣З─лdev─лтАЭ. After a reign of many years this King went to Heaven. [Dev─л Bh─Бgavata, 10th Skandha] . (b) Other Details.
(i) P─Бr─Бvatas and Tuс╣гitas were the Devas in this Manvantara. The mighty Vipa┼Ыcit was Devendra. The Saptarс╣гis were ┼кrjja, Stambha, Pr─Бс╣Зa, R─Бma, с╣Ъс╣гabha, Niraya, and Par─лv─Бn. Caitra, Kimpuruс╣гa and others were the sons of Sv─Бrociс╣гa Manu. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part 3, Chapter 1] .
(ii) In Harivaс╣Б┼Ыa, Chapter 7 we read that the Saptarс╣гis of this Manvantaram were Aurva, Stambha, Ka┼Ыyapa, Pr─Бс╣Зa, Bс╣Ыhaspati, Datta and Ni┼Ыcyavana.
(iii) Brahm─Б taught this Manu, S─Бtvatadharma. Sv─Бrociс╣гa taught this dharma to his son ┼Ъaс╣Еkhavadana. [┼Ъ─Бnti Parva, Chapter 348, Verse 36] .
(3) Auttami (Uttama).
(a) General. Uttama was also the son of Priyavrata. He went to Gaс╣Еg─Б t─лrtha and offered worship to Dev─л for three years with V─Бgb─лja mantra. At the end of it, Dev─л was pleased and blessed him with worthy sons and a kingdom without the threat of enemies After a happy reign of many years, at the close of the Manvantara, he reached the highest place in Heaven. Devi Bh─Бgavata, 10th Skandha). (b) Other details.
Su┼Ы─Бnti was the name of the Devendra of this Manvantara. There were five groups of Devas, namely Sudh─Бmans, Satyas, Japas, Pratardanas and ┼Ъivas, each group consisting of twelve Devas. The seven sons of the sage Vasiс╣гс╣нha were the saptarс╣гis of this Manvantara. These seven sons of Vasiс╣гс╣нha by his wife ┼кrjj─Б were Rajas, Gotra, ┼кrdhvab─Бhu, Savana, Anagha, Sutapas and ┼Ъukra. Aja, Para┼Ыud─лpta and others were the sons of the Manu Uttama. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part I. Chapter 1] .
(4) T─Бmasa.
(a) General. The fourth Manu T─Бmasa was the son of Priyavrata. That King performed penance to Dev─л on the northern bank of the river Narmad─Б with K─Бmar─Бja mantra. As a result of Dev─л's blessing, he obtained a prosperous Kingdom and worthy sons. After a long reign he attained heaven. [Dev─л Bh─Бgavata, 10th Skandha] . (b) Other details. At the time of this Manu, there were four groups of Devas, namely--Sup─Бras, Haris, Satyas, and Sudh─лs. Each of these groups contained 27 Devas. ┼Ъibi who had performed a hundred y─Бgas was the Indra. The Saptarс╣гis of this Manvantara were Jyotirm─Бn, Pс╣Ыthu, K─Бvya, Caitra, Agnivanaka, and P─лvara and Nara. Khy─Бti, Ketur┼лpa, J─Бnujaс╣Еgha and others were the sons of T─Бmasa Manu. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part I, Chapter 1] .
(5) Raivata.
(a) General.
The fifth Manu Raivata was the younger brother of T─Бmasa. He worshipped Dev─л with K─Бmab─лja mantra on the banks of the river K─Бlind─л. With the blessing of Dev─л he ruled for many years and then attained Heaven. [Dev─л Bh─Бgavata, 10th Skandha] . (b) Other details.
The name of the Indra of this Manvantara was Vibhu. There were four groups of Devas--Amit─Бbhas, Bh┼лtarayas, Vaikuс╣Зс╣нhas and Sumedhas. Each of these groups contained fourteen Devas. The Saptarс╣гis of Raivata Manvantara were-- Hiraс╣Зyarom─Б, Vedasr─л, ┼кrdhvab─Бhu, Vedab─Бhu, Sud─Бm─Б, Parjanya and Mah─Бmuni. The sons of Raivata Manu, Balabandhu, Sambh─Бvya, Satyaka and others were mighty Kings. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part 3, Chapter 1] .
(6) C─Бkс╣гuс╣гa.
(a) General. This Manu was the son of Aс╣Еga. Once he went to the R─Бjarс╣гi (royal saint) Pulaha and prayed for prosperity, mastery of the whole world, invincible power and profound scholarship. Pulaha sent him to Dev─л. The R─Бjarс╣гi taught him the worship of Dev─л. After acquiring the mantra C─Бkс╣гuс╣гa went to the banks of the river Viraj─Б and offered worship to Dev─л. At the end of twelve years, Dev─л appeared before him and blessed him with тАЬManuhoodтАЭ, mastery of the Manu kingdom and brilliant sons After many years he distributed his kingdoms among his sons and at last attained тАЬDev─лpadaтАЭ. [Dev─л Bh─Бgavata, Da┼Ыama Skandha] . (b) Other details.
(i) The following account is given in Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part I, Chapter 13, about the birth of C─Бkс╣гuс╣гa Manu. Dhruva and his wife ┼Ъambhu had two sons, namely ┼Ъiс╣гс╣нi and Bhavya. Succh─Бy─Б, the wife of ┼Ъiс╣гс╣нi gave birth to five sons, Ripu, Ripu├▒jaya, Vipra, Vс╣Ыkala and Vс╣Ыkatejas, who were all sinless. C─Бkс╣гuс╣гa was born to Bс╣Ыhat─л, the wife of Ripu. C─Бkс╣гuс╣гa begot Manu by Puс╣гkariс╣З─л, daughter of V─лraс╣Зa Praj─Бpati. This was the sixth Manu. By his wife Naс╕Нval─Б, the daughter of Vair─Бja Praj─Бpati, he had 10 sons, namely, Kuru, Puru, ┼Ъatadyumna, Tapasv─л, Satyav─Бn, ┼Ъuci, Agniс╣гс╣нoma, Atir─Бtra, Sudyumna and Abhimanyu. ─Аgney─л, wife of Kuru, gave birth to six sons who were Aс╣Еga, Sumanas, Khy─Бti, Kratu, Aс╣Еgiras and ┼Ъibi. Sun─лth─Б, wife of Aс╣Бga, gave birth to Vena. Pс╣Ыthu was the son of Vena. He is also known as тАЬVainyaтАЭ.
(ii) The Indra of that period was Manojava. There were five groups of Devas--─Аkhyas, Pras┼лtas, Bhavyas, Pс╣Ыthukas and Lekhas, each group consisting of eight Devas. The Saptarс╣гis of this Manvantara were-- Sumedhas, Virajas, Haviс╣гm─Бn, Uttama, Madhu, Atin─Бman and Sahiс╣гс╣Зu. ┼Ъatadyumna and other mighty Kings were the sons of C─Бkс╣гuс╣гa Manu. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part I, Chapter 3] .
(iii) The sons of this Manu became famous under the name тАЬVariс╣гс╣нhasтАЭ [M.B. Anu┼Ы─Бsana Parva, Chapter 18, Verse 20] .
(7) Vaivasvata.
(a) General. He was born from S┼лrya. It is this Manu who rules the world today. All living beings that we see today were born from him. Vaivasvata Manu is Satyavrata Manu who escaped from the last deluge. To save him Viс╣гс╣Зu took up the incarnation of Matsya (fish). Vaivasvata Manu was also the first of the Kings of the S┼лrya vaс╣Б┼Ыa (Solar Dynasty) who ruled over Ayodhy─Б. (b) Other details.
(i) In [Dev─л Bh─Бgavata, Saptama Skandha] , we see that the sons of Vaivasvata namely Ikс╣гv─Бku, N─Бbh─Бga, Dhс╣Ыс╣гс╣нa, ┼Ъary─Бti, Nariс╣гyanta, Pr─Бс╣Б┼Ыu, Nс╣Ыga, Diс╣гс╣нa, Kar┼лс╣гa and Pс╣Ыс╣гadhra were also called Manus.
(ii) This Manu worshipped Dev─л and received her blessing and attained Heaven after a long reign. [Dev─л Bh─Бgavata, 10th Skandha] .
(iii) Vaivasvata Manu had another name, тАЬ┼Ъr─Бddhadeva.тАЭ The Devas of this Manvantaram are ─Аdityas, Vasus and Rudras. The name of the Indra of this period is Purandara. The Saptarс╣гis are, Vasiс╣гс╣нha, Ka┼Ыyapa, Atri, Jamadagni, Gautama, Vi┼Ыv─Бmitra and Bharadv─Бja. The nine Dh─Бrmikas (virtuous ones), Ikс╣гv─Бku, Nс╣Ыga, Dhс╣Ыс╣гс╣нa, ┼Ъary─Бti, Nariс╣гyanta, N─Бbh─Бga, Ariс╣гс╣нa, Kar┼лс╣гa and Prс╣гadhra are the sons of Vaivasvata Manu. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part 8, Chapter 1] .
(iv) Ten sons were born to this Manu who were Vena, Dhс╣Ыс╣гс╣Зu, Nariс╣гyanta, N─Бbh─Бga, Ikс╣гv─Бku, K─Бr┼лс╣гa, ┼Ъary─Бti, lla, Pс╣Ыс╣гadhra, and N─Бbh─Бg─Бriс╣гс╣нa. [M.B. ─Аdi Parva, Chapter 75, Verse 15] .
(v) Mah─Бviс╣гс╣Зu incarnated as Matsya for the sake of Vaivasvata Manu. [M.B. Vana Parva, Chapter 187] .
(vi) He received Yogavidy─Б from S┼лrya and Ikс╣гv─Бku received it later from him. [M.B. Bh─лс╣гma Parva, Chapter 122, Verse 38] .
(vii) At the beginning of Tret─Бyuga, S┼лrya taught тАЬS─Бtvata DharmaтАЭ to Manu and Manu taught it to Ikс╣гv─Бku for the protection of all creatures. [M.B. ┼Ъ─Бnti Parva, Chapter 348, Verse 51] .
(viii) The sage Gautama taught ┼Ъivasahasran─Бma to Vaivasvata Manu. [M.B. Anu┼Ы─Бsana Parva, Chapter 17, Verse 177] .
(8) S─Бvarс╣Зi.
(a) General. Even in his previous birth he was a devotee of Dev─л. In his former birth (during the period of Sv─Бrociс╣гa Manvantara) S─Бvarс╣Зi was born as a King of Caitravaс╣Б┼Ыa under the name Suratha. The origin of the dynasty known as Caitravaс╣Б┼Ыa was as follows:--Atri, son of Brahm─Б had a son named Ni┼Ы─Бkara. This Ni┼Ы─Бkara became an emperor by performing R─Бjas┼лya. Emperor Ni┼Ы─Бkara had a son Budha and Budha had a son named Caitra, both of whom were greatly renowned. It was Caitra's family which later on became the reputed Caitra dynasty. The son of that Caitra was Viratha. Suratha was the son of Viratha. This was the previous birth of S─Бvarс╣Зi Manu. Suratha was a great hero and poet. Once another King besieged his city and defeated him. Suratha left his kingdom and went alone on horseback and took shelter in a dense forest. While wandering in the forest like a mad man with a broken heart, he happened to reach the ─Б┼Ыrama of the sage Sumedhas. The sage advised him to worship Dev─л in order to retrieve his lost kingdom and prosperity. Accordingly the King worshipped Dev─л who was pleased and restored to him his kingdom and prosperity. Besides, she blessed him that in his next birth he would become S─Бvarс╣Зi, the King of the Solar dynasty and would be revered as the eighth Manu. Thus the eighth Manu S─Бvarс╣Зi will be the second birth of Suratha. [Dev─л Bh─Бgavata, 10th Skandha] . (b) Other details. S─Бvarс╣Зi is also the son of S┼лrya. How he came to be called S─Бvarс╣Зi is explained below:-- S┼лrya had three children Manu, Yama and Yam─л by Saс╣Бj├▒─Б, the daughter of Vi┼Ыvakarm─Б. This Manu was Vaivasvata Manu, the seventh Manu. Unable to bear the intense heat of S┼лrya, Saс╣Бj├▒─Б once sent her maid Ch─Бy─Б to S┼лrya in her own disguise and went to the forest for tapas. S┼лrya had three children by Ch─Бy─Б, ┼Ъanai- ┼Ыcara, another Manu and Tapat─л. This Manu is known as S─Бvarс╣Зi who will become the eighth Manu. In his time there will be three groups of Devas--Sutapas, Amit─Бbhas and Mukhyas. Each of these groups will consist of twelve persons. The Saptarс╣гis of the eighth Manvantara are D─лptim─Бn, G─Бlava, R─Бma, Kс╣Ыpa, A┼Ыvatth─Бm─Б son of Droс╣Зa, Vy─Бsa son of Par─Б┼Ыara and с╣Ъс╣гya┼Ыс╣Ыс╣Еga. Mah─Бbali, son of Virocana will be the Indra. Virajas, Urvar─лy─Бn, Nirmoka and others are the Kings who are the sons of S─Бvarс╣Зi Manu. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part III, Chapter 2] .
(9) Dakс╣гa S─Бvarс╣Зi.
General. At the time of this Manu there are three groups of Devas namely, P─Бras, Mar─лcigarbhas and Sudharmans. Each of the groups contains 12 Devas. The Indra who is the king of those Devas, is the mighty Adbhuta. The Saptarс╣гis of this Manvantara are:--Savana, Dyutim─Бn, Bhavya, Vasu, Medh─Бtithi, Jyotiс╣гm─Бn and Satya, Dhс╣Ыtaketu. D─лptiketu, Pa├▒cahasta, Nir─Бmaya, Pс╣Ыthu┼Ыravas are the sons of Dakс╣гas─Бvarс╣Зi Manu. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part III, Chapter 2] .
(10). Brahma S─Бvarс╣Зi. General. In this Manvantara, the Devas are Sudh─Бmans and Vi┼Ыuddhas. Each of these groups will contain 100 Devas. Their Indra will be the heroic ┼Ъ─Бnti. The Saptarс╣гis will be Haviс╣гm─Бn, Sukс╣Ыta, Satya, Tapom┼лrti, Nabh─Бga, Apratimaujas and Satyaketu. Brahma S─Бvarс╣Зi will have ten sons, three of whom are, Sukс╣гetra, Uttam- aujas and Bh┼лtisena who will become Kings. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part III, Chapter 2] .
(11). Dharma S─Бvarс╣Зi. General. In this Manvantara there will be three groups of Devas namely, Vihaс╣Еgamas, K─Бmagas and Nirv─Бс╣Зaratis, each of the groups consisting of 30 Devas. Vс╣Ыс╣гa, Agnitejas, Vapuс╣гm─Бn, Ghс╣Ыс╣З─л, ─Аruс╣Зi, Haviс╣гm─Бn, and Anagha will be the Saptarс╣гis. The sons of Dharma S─Бvarс╣Зi viz., Sarvatraga, Sudharm─Б, Dev─Бn─лka and others will be the kings of that time.
(12). Rudra S─Бvarс╣Зi. General. This Manu is the son of Rudra. The Indra of this Manvantara will be с╣Ъtudh─Бman. There will be five groups of Devas namely, Haritas, Rohitas, Sumanases, Sukarmans and Sup─Бras. Each group will contain 10 Devas. Saptarс╣гis are Tapasv─л, Sutapas, Tapom┼лrti, Taporati, Tapodhс╣Ыti, Tapodyuti and Tapodhana. The sons of this Manu, Devav─Бn, Upadeva and Deva- ┼Ыreс╣гс╣нha will be mighty kings. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part III, Chapter 2] .
(13). Raucyadeva S─Бvarс╣Зi. (Ruci). General. There will be three groups of Devas during this period called Sutr─Бmans, Sukarmans and Sudharmans. Each of these groups will contain 33 Devas. The mighty Divaspati will be their Indra. Nirmoha, Tattvadar┼Ы─л, Niс╣гprakampya, Nirutsuka, Dhс╣Ыtim─Бn, Avyaya and Sutapas are the Saptarс╣гis of that period. Citrasena, Vicitra and other sons of this Manu will be kings. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part III, Chapter 2] .
(14). Indra S─Бvarс╣Зi (Bhaumi). General. The Indra of this Manvantara will be ┼Ъuci. Under his control there will be five groups of Devas. They are C─Бkс╣гuс╣гas, Pavitras, Kaniс╣гс╣нhas, Bhr─Бjakas and V─Бc─Бvс╣Ыddhas. The Saptarс╣гis of this period are Agnib─Бhu, ┼Ъuci, ┼Ъukra, M─Бgadha, Agn─лdhra, Yukta and Jita. At that time the sons of the Manu who would rule the earth will be Uru, Gambh─лrabuddhi and others. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part III, Chapter 2] . 5). Some more details. Fourteen Manus have been mentioned above. Of them, the seventh Manu, Vaivasvata Manu is the Head of the present Manvantrara. Some general facts about the Manus are given below:- 1) The six Manus after the eighth one namely, Dakс╣гas─Бvarс╣Зi, Merus─Бvarс╣Зi, S┼лryas─Бvarс╣Зi, Candras─Бvarс╣З─л, Rudras─Бvarс╣Зi and Viс╣гс╣Зus─Бvarс╣Зi are respectively the re-births of Kar┼лс╣гa, Pс╣Ыс╣гadhra, N─Бbh- ─Бga, Diс╣гс╣нa, ┼Ъary─Бti and Tri┼Ыaс╣Еku who were the sons of Vaivasvsata Manu. There is a story about their taking re-births. All the six persons mentioned above were once offering worship to the idol of Dev─л on the banks of the river K─Бlind─л. After twelve years, Dev─л appeared, under the name of Bhramar─Бmbik─Б and blessed them that in their next births they would become rulers of Manvantaras. [Dev─л Bh─Бgavata, 10th Skandha] . 2) It is said that the four Manus, Sv─Бrociс╣гa, Uttama, T─Бmasa and Raivata belonged to Priyavrata's family. It was because Priyavrata who was a R─Бjarс╣гi offered tapas to Viс╣гс╣Зu that four Manus were born in his family. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa. Part III, Chapter 1] . 3) It is the power of Viс╣гс╣Зu that dominates all the Manvantaras as the basic divinity. In the first Sv─Бyambhuva Manvantara it was a part of that power of Viс╣гс╣Зu itself that originated as Yaj├▒apuruс╣гa in ─Аbh┼лti. After that when Sv─Бrociс╣гa Manvantara came it was again that divinity that took its origin in Tuс╣гit─Б as Ajita among the Tuс╣гitas. In Uttama Manvantara that divinity Tuс╣гita him self was born again under the name of Satya as the son of Saty─Б in the group of Devas called Satyas. When T─Бmasa Manvantara began, that divinity was born again as the son of Hary─Б as a Hari in the group of Devas called Haris. It was that divinity Hari himself who was born in Sambh┼лti under the name of M─Бnasa among the Devas called Raivatas in Raivata Manvantara. In C─Бkс╣гuс╣гa Manvantara that Viс╣гс╣Зu Bhagav─Бn took birth in Vikuс╣Зс╣нh─л as one of the Vaikuс╣Зс╣нhas. In the present Vaivasvata Manvantara, Viс╣гс╣Зu has incarnated in Aditi as V─Бmana, the son of Ka┼Ыyapa. That great V─Бmana conquered all the three worlds and presented them to Devendra. [Viс╣гс╣Зu Pur─Бс╣Зa, Part III, Chapter 2] . Besides the fourteen Manus mentioned above, certain other Manus are also referred to in the Pur─Бс╣Зas. Some details about them are given below:--
(1) It is seen from [V─Бlm─лki R─Бm─Бyaс╣Зa, Araс╣Зya K─Бс╣Зс╕Нa, 14th Sarga, verse 11] , that Ka┼Ыyapa had a wife named Manu.
(2) There is a reference to a R─Бjarс╣гi (Saintly king) named Manu in [с╣Ъgveda, first Maс╣Зс╕Нala, 16th Anuv─Бka, 112th S┼лkta] .
(3) A son named Manu was born to the Agni Tapa or P─Б├▒cajanya. This Manu has another name Bh─Бnu. He had three wives named Supraj─Б, Bс╣Ыhadbh─Бs─Б and Ni┼Ы─Б. Six sons were born to him by the first two wives. By his third wife he had one daughter and seven sons. [M.B. Vana Parva, Chapter 221, Verse 4] .
(4) In [Mah─Бbh─Бrata, ┼Ъ─Бnti Parva, Chapter 57, verse 43] , we find a reference to another Manu named Pracetas.
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рдордиреНрд╡реНрдиреНрддрд░ n. an. the period or age of a рдордиреБ (it comprises about 71
рдорд╣рд╛-рдпреБрдЧрд╕реН [q.v.], which are held equal to 12, 000 years of the gods or 4, 320, 000 human years or 1/14th of a day of рдмреНрд░рд╣реНрдорд╛; each of these periods is presided over by its own special рдордиреБ [see рдордиреБ, p. 784, col. 2]; six such рдордиреНрд╡реН-рдЕрдиреНрддрд░s have already elapsed, and the 7th, presided over by рдордиреБрд╡реИрд╡рд╕реНрд╡рдд, is now going on; 7 more are to come, making 14 рдордиреНрд╡реН-рдЕрдиреНрддрд░s, which together make up one day of рдмреНрд░рд╣реНрдорд╛), [Mn.] (esp. i, 79), [Y─Бj├▒.] ; [MBh.] &c.
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рдордиреНрд╡рдиреНрддрд░ n. (
-рд░рдВ) The reign of a MANU, a period equal to seventy-one ages of the gods, or 306, 720,000 years of mortals, or with its Sandhi or interval of universal deluge, 308, 448, 000 years; four- teen Manwantaras constitute a Kalpa; the grand period of creation and destruction, or 4, 320,000,000 years; each Man- wantara is governed by its distinct MANU, and is provided with its own INDRA, and minor deities; according to Hindu cosmo- gony, there have been innumerable Manwantaras, since the first creation of the world.
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рдордиреНрд╡реН-рдЕрдиреНрддрд░ b &c. See p. 786, col. 3.
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